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This approach is what an analyst at the city of Asheville, NC used and shared in her presentation: “Mapping Racial Equity in Asheville, North Carolina: A collection of maps about History, Displacement, and Neighborhood Change” when also showing recent displacement on the same map.
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born neighborhoods that HOLC defined as “still desirable” and sound investments for mortgage lenders. A was traditionally colored in green, B was traditionally colored in blue, C was traditionally colored in yellow, and D was traditionally colored in red.Ī (Best): Always upper- or upper-middle-class White neighborhoods that HOLC defined as posing minimal risk for banks and other mortgage lenders, as they were “ethnically homogeneous” and had room to be further developed.ī (Still Desirable): Generally nearly or completely White, U.S. These maps and neighborhood ratings set the rules for decades of real estate practices. Local real estate developers and appraisers in over 200 cities assigned grades to residential neighborhoods. The HOLC created a neighborhood ranking system infamously known today as redlining. The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC) was created in the New Deal Era and trained many home appraisers in the 1930s. This ready-to-use layer can provide important context for your work. One topic that came up in many user presentations was redlining because of how valuable GIS-ready historical redlining data can be to help us understand how historical inequities still contribute to inequities today.Ī redlining layer of 143 cities is now available in ArcGIS Living Atlas. The virtual nature of this conference has given me the opportunity to see many user presentations. Not only was it the first ever virtual conference with a record number of attendees, but this year was also the inaugural year for the Equity and Social Justice track for user presentations. The federal government, through a now-defunct agency called the Home Owners' Loan Corporation, worked with local real estate agents and banks to create the maps.This year’s User Conference was special. Nelson, who oversees the University of Richmond's mapping inequality project, said the maps were created in cities with 40,000 residents or more. In this digital image of a map used decades ago for redlining in Chicago, areas marked in the faded pink show where lenders were discouraged from avoid issuing mortgages.
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The University of Richmond has digital versions of about 200 maps once used for redlining, including the one below. Physical copies of such maps are stored in the National Archives. Riskier neighborhoods were predominantly black and Latino. Using red ink, lenders outlined on paper maps the parts of a city that were considered at high risk of default, as well as more desirable neighborhoods for approving a loan. The term redlining is a nod to how lenders identified and referenced neighborhoods with a greater share of people deemed more likely to default on mortgage. As part of that practice, financial firms, real estate agents and other parties demarcated geographic areas that were effectively off limits for issuing loans. That includes in many of the nation's largest cities, such as Atlanta, Chicago, Detroit, Tampa and others with large minority populations.Īs a result, banks and other mortgage lenders commonly rejected loans for creditworthy borrowers based strictly on their race or where they lived. government - started in the 1930s and took place across the country. denied mortgages to people, mostly people of color in urban areas, preventing them from buying a home in certain neighborhoods or getting a loan to renovate their house. What is redlining?įor decades, many banks in the U.S.
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Read on to learn more about redlining and its impact. Although redlining - a form of lending discrimination - has been outlawed for decades, its scars remain visible in many communities across the U.S., experts say. A 2008 video of Democratic presidential candidate Michael Bloomberg attributing the housing crash largely to "redlining" has thrust the term into the national conversation.